The Public Paperfolding History Project

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Articles in Shokokumin Magazine 1893/6
 
Between 1893 and 1896 a number of articles explaining simple paperfolds,under the generic title 'Origami Method', were published in 'Shokokumin' (Young National) children's magazine. (Information from search for records mentioning origami in the database of the National Diet Library.) This magazine seems to have been published bi-monthly, with 24 issues per year.

My thanks to Nobuko Okabe for kindly obtaining details of those of the articles shown below and explaining to me what the articles say and some of the cultural meaning behind the words.

The designs were contributed by readers of the magazine living in many different parts of Japan. We cannot tell from the names whether they were adult readers or children.

It seems reasonable to assume that these designs, which are noteworthy for their variety, are a good representation of the kind of designs that were in circulation within Japanese society at this time.

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1893 - Fifth Year

Article 1 - issue unknown - Crab

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Article 2 - issue unknown - Box

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Article 3 - issue unknown - Western Person

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Article 4 - issue unknown - Kimono

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Article 5 (and 6?) - issue unknown - Kangaroo and Frog

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Article 7 in issue 5/15 - Fukusuke (details not known)

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Article 8 in issue 5/16 - Kabuto

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Article 9 in issue 5/17 - Dustpan (details not known)

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Article 10 in issue 5/19 - Cat (or Fox) (details not known)

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Article 11 in issue 5/21 - The Boat with Sail - see here.

Submitted by: Kawai Junnosuke from Hyogo.

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Article 12 in issue 5/22 - Catfish (details not known)

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Article 13 in issue 5/23 - Sanbo (details not known)

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Article 14 in issue 5/24 - Design not known.

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(Note there appear to be three articles missing here)

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1894 - Sixth Year

Article 17 in issue 6/1 - Chochin (Lantern) - The Long Lantern

Contributor: Kinzaburo Yamashita from Kyoto.

After giving the folding instructions the editor says: 'Crane (published #15) and Paper Sengokubune (Paper Sengoku Ship) (#16) are so ordinary, I (the editor) didn’t include folding instructions. Also, after starting we have published Crab (#1), Box (#2), Western Person (#3), Kimono (#4), Kangaroo and Frog (#6), Fukusuke (#7), Kabuto (#8), Chiritori (Dust Pan) (#9), Cat (#10), Boat (#11), Catfish (Namazu=?…might be wrong, the letter is hard to see) (#12), Sanbo (#13), and Purse (or Coin Case) (#14).  Since old days of this country, it seems there have been no examples that collect this many origami methods. We still have ten more contributions here and will publish them in later issues and expand our collection.'

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Article 18 in issue 6/2 - Kakitsubata (Swallow Flower) - The Lily

Contributor: Jusuke Moritani (or Moriya) from Yokohama City

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Article19 in issue 6/3 - Semi (Cicada) - The Kabuto-Base Cicada

Contributor: Hirokata Esashiya of Iwate Prefecture

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Article 20 in issue 6/4 - The Hexagonal Tematebako (1) and the Waterbomb (1)

The upper half of the page contains diagrams for the module for the Hexagonal Tematebako, referred to as 'Ishidatami' (cobblestone), while the lower half contains an illustration of / instructions for making the Waterbomb, referred to as 'Temari' (ball).

Issue 6 states that this was an error on the editor's part. The other half of both these sets of instructions appears in that issue.

Contributor of the Hexagonal Tematebako: Seiasha (possibly not an individual but a group) of Hoku-Etsu (an area in the northern part of Japan).

Contributor of the Waterbomb: Mitsunosuke Kojima of Hyogo Prefecture.

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Article 21 in issue 6/6 - The Hexagonal Tematebako (2) and the Waterbomb (2)

The upper half of the page contains an illustration of /the Hexagonal Tematebako and a written explanation of how to for fold the necessary module (which ought to have been published in Issue 5). The lower half contains diagrams showing how to fold the Waterbomb (the written explanation for which was published in Issue 5).

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Article 22 in issue 6/7 - Western Sugar Box and the Hexagonal Tematebako (3)

This issue contains instructions for the assembly of the Hexagonal Tematebako.

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Article 23 in issue 6/8 - Three-Petal Swallow Flower (or Three-petal Iris) - The Iris

From an equilateral triangle.

  Contributor: Hidekazu (or Shuichi) Yokota of Tokyo

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Article 24 in issue 6/9 - Horai - Connected Cranes design

From four connected squares.

Contributor: Kozan Shimizu

('Horai' is the name of a holy mountain in old Chinese stories. There is a similar design (but made in a different way), in the 'Senbazuru Orikata', where a note explains that the three cranes that form the base of the design resemble a mountain.)

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Article 25 in issue 6/10 - Shojo-kawa (Wrapper for Certificate)

Contributor: Genshichi Danno of Fukui Prefecture

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Article 26 in issue 6/11 - Game (Turtle) - Minogame

Contributor: Tatsuzo Ishida of Yamanashi Prefecture

This design is developed from the Tenjin Shrine (though it is called the Tenmangu Shrine here.)

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Article 27 in issue 6/12 - Japanese Folding Picture Form (Double Boat / The Ship / The Boat with Sail) / The Table)

Contributor: Tsunekichi Matsumoto of Shizuoka Prefecture

The instructions say that you should make a boat following diagrams 1-4 of Article 26 (the previous issue). Then you draw on each part of the boat as shown in the pictures. When you arrange the flaps in different positions, as shown, the model can be five different things.

1. (upper right) Bekkako (a type of toy with a funny face)

2. (lower right) Tomabune (a boat with a roof made of woven straw).

(This is like a flattened Double Boat, except that one of the two boats is depicted as a roof.)

3. (upper middle) Kappa - a yokai, a mythical creature in Japanese folklore.

4. (upper left) Hokake(bune) - the Boat with Sail.

5. (lower middle and left) - Goban (Go Board) ie the Table.

(The illustration of this design appears to have been badly drawn. Note that if this design is made from the same sheet of paper the table's legs will not be white but will show parts of the other patterns.)

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Article 28 in issue 6/13 - Paper Box - Cardboard Modelling

Name of contributor not given.

The instructions say to cut out the shape along the outer line then either to glue or tie the corners together.

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Article 29 in issue 6/15 - Boat (adaptation of the Steamship)

The katakana characters read ??? (Bo-o-to)

Contributor: Seiichi Ueno of Osaka

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Article 30 in issue 6/16 - Renge (lotus flower) - The Lotus

Contributors: Sukezo Yamamoto of Hirao Village, Nagano Prefecture and

Shigenobu Kimura of Meirin School in Hyogo Prefecture.

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Article 31 in issue 6/18 - 13 Connected Cranes - Connected Cranes

Contributor: Saburo Yagi of Kyoto

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Article 32 in issue 6/21 - Shichi-Henge (Seven Changes)

(The title can mean literally seven changes, or it can be used figuratively to describe something that changes a lot or often.)

The designs illustrated or mentioned in the text are:

1. Chochin (Lantern) - The Cross

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2. Renge (lotus flower) - The Lotus

The article mentions that it is possible to develop a lotus flower from step 4 by flipping the corners.

No illustration of this design is given.

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3. Suzume Odori (Sparrow Dance) - Yakkosan

The top picture shows the design decorated to create a character wearing a sword and a woven straw hat. The second shows the same design with the head flipped backwards to reveal the face of a sparrow. This may be a representation of a dance that became popular in the early 19th century when a person would dress up like the top picture and then dance mimicking the movements of a sparrow.

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4. Momohiki - The Trousers

Momohiki are a type of leggings worn by workers.

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5. Futatsubune - Double Boat

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6. Tenjin Shrine

(The pattern of six dots on the top flaps is the family crest of Tenjin (plum flower))

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7. Sengokubune - another name for the Takarabune

Derived from the Tenjin Shrine. Mentioned but not illustrated.

(Sengoku means a large amount of grain, hence wealth or treasure)

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8. Fukusuke - Simple Fukusuke

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(Note that while the designs known in Western Europe as the Hat and the Jacket are pictured here they are not named in the text as separate designs but are just treated as intermediate steps)

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Contributors: Shigezo Fujii of Hyogo Prefecture, Kaikiro of Tokyo, Kisuke Machida of Tokyo, Rokunosuke Wakayama of Saitama Prefecture, Yosouji Kaneko (no place name given), Chiyohei Kuwahara of Gunma Prefecture, Jun Nishina of Bicchu, Kukei Okumura of Mimasaka and Sukeichiro Akita of Kyoto.

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Article 33 in issue 6/23 - Mikoshi

A mikoshi is a portable shrine for kami that is carried in a parade.

  The instructions say 'start from Diagram 12 of Origami Method 32' (ie from the Tenjin Shrine).

This design is developed from the Tenjin Shrine using cuts.

Contributor: Toramtatsu Yamada of Tokyo.

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1895 - Seventh Year

Article 34 in issue 7/2 - Yukifuri Dosha (Person walking in snow)

Contributor: Yoshizo Morita of Mie Prefecture.

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Article 35 in issue 7/3 - Container

Contributor: Kozan Shimizu of Tokyo

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Article 36 in issue 7/6 - Kinchaku (Purse) - The Tuck-in Mitre

Contributors: Kanji Mineta of Yamagata Prefecture and Shigeji Hakozaki of Ehime Prefecture.

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Article 37 in issue 7/10 - Cast Net Boat - Cardboard Modelling

Contributor: The Editor says the name has been lost and asks them to get back in touch.

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Article 38 in issue 7/11 - Hiki-usu (Grindstone and Mortar) - a version of the Cup and Saucer

The drawing at the end of the article (center-left of upper half of p.36) shows what a Hiki-usu looks like.

Contributor: Nitaro Ono of Tamaniwa Village, Yamagata Prefecture

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Article 39 in issue 7/12 - Asa no Ha (Hemp Leaf)

The instructions as 'Start from an equilateral triangle as shown in Swallow Flower (6(8)) and make a hexagon from it.

Contributor: Chubei Machida of Tonda Village, Yamaguchi Prefecture

Note: Asa no Ha (Hemp Leaf) is a traditional Japanese pattern that symbolizes strong growth.  It is also believed to chase away demons.  The pattern is often used in clothes for babies.

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Articles 40, 41, 42 and 43 in issue 7/17 - Various Connected Crane designs

Contributor: Shunha Shimizu of Sendai (all four models and drawings)

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Article 40, Ehiroi (Feeding)

The instructions say to start from a rectangular paper and cut as shown. The black shaded part is to be removed.

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Article 41: Inaduma (Lightning)

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Article 42: Muragumo (Gathering Cloud)

The instructions say to start from a rectangular paper and cut as shown. The black shaded part is to be removed.

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Article 43: Sugomori (Staying in the Nest)

The instructions say to start from a square sheet and cut as shown.

I do not have a copy of the page showing the finished design.

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1896 - Eighth Year

In issue 8/22 - Design not known.

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