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First Lessons in Hand and Eye Training by Gustav Kalb, 1893
 
'First Lessons in Hand and Eye Training' by Gustav Kalb, published by O Newman and Co in London in 1893, is a 'freely translated, somewhat expanded' version of the 1893 revised second edition of 'Der erste Unterricht in der Knabenhandarbeit' by Gustav Kalb. Inter alia it contains sections on Paperfolding, Verschnuren, Ausschneiden und Aufkleben and Cardboard Modelling.

The translator / enhamcer is W G Field.

The translator's note states that the English version contains 'much additional matter supplied by the author'.

The author's aim, ststed in the introduction, is to build a bridge between the kindergarten and the school proper. The 'Scheme of Work' sets out activities suitable for 3 school years. Year 1 (ages 6 to 7) includes 'Folding'. Year 2 (ages 7 and 8) includes 'Folding and Mounting' and 'Cutting Out and Mounting'. Year 3 (ages 8 to 9) includes 'Cardboard-work'.

A full copy of the work can be accessed here.

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Analysis

It is not clear what part of the activities suggested were original to the work and which were added by the translator. Nor is it clear how many of the activities relate to the scheme of work. In addition the contents of many of the sections are somewhat muddled in the nature of the activities / designs they contain. I have done my nest to sort them out into sensible categories here..

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Paperfolding

Erkenntnisformen

Under the section heading of 'Folding' the author presents a series of geometrical folds as shown below.

Some of the folds are given names such as 'barn gable' and 'gable end of a house'.

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Miscellaneous Folded and Folded and Cut Designs

The work includes a section on making Ornaments for the Christmas Tree

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Paper Chains

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The Christmas Tree Chain

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The Paper Cage

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Candle-Guard

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The Catherine of Cleves Box

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Paper Cone made from a Paper Strip

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The Paper Rosette

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The Witch's Ladder

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Another Star - The Witch's Ladder bent into a ring

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And another on making Small Playthings

The Cut and Fold Windmill

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The Wind Wheel

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Another Wind Wheel and

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How to Trisect a Length or an Angle by Folding

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How to Approximate a Circle by Folding and Cutting

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The Slit and Assemble Sphere

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How to Climb Through a Playing Card

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The Spiral Snake

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The Pyramidal Hat

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The Paper Boat

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The Salt Cellar

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In addition these two designs appear in the Cardboard Modelling section:

Figs 247a and b show a version of The Woven Heart as a firescreen

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Figs 248a and 248b show The Chinese Lantern

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Free Weaving

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Fold, Cut and Fold Chevron Designs

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Folding, Cutting Out and Mounting

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Verschnuren

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Folding and Mounting

Combinations of Folded squares and Equilateral Triangles

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Folding as an Aid to Cutting Symmetrical Shapes

One-Fold and Cut Designs

Two designs of this kind appear in the Small Playthings section

Fold and Cut Sledge

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Fold, Cut and Fold Animals

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Leaves and Patterns from Oblongs

In this section the text appears to have become confused. The leaves - Figs 199 to 203 - are cut from the equilateral triangle, Figs 193 to 198 are patterns to be cut from an oblong, twice folded.

 

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Friezes

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Ausschneiden und Aufklaben

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This section shows How to Construct a Regular Hexagon from a square

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Cardboard Modelling

This section includes cardboard modelling techniques applied to woven mats.

These two cardboard modelling designs appear in the Christmas Tree Decorations section.

Candle-Guard

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Cut and Fold Nutholder (fastened with thread)

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This cardboard modelling design appears in the Small Playthings section.

Hand-bag with Handle

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